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A sabre is a cutting or cutting-and-thrusting edged weapon featuring a curved single-edged blade with fullers or without any. The combination factor of the blade's curvature with a considerable distance between the centre of gravity and the hilt increased the mounted attack power and the engaged space out lash. This peculiarity of the sabre was particularly efficient with blades of hard steels, featuring high elasticity and viscosity.
The sabre emerged in the East and won extensive application by Eastern Europe and Central Asia nomads in the XII-VIIIth, centuries. Since that period onwards the sabre has been a cutting-and-thrusting weapon. Since the XIVth century the sabre has acquired the characteristics of a cutting weapon mostly (a relatively low mass, high blade's curvature - up to 140 mm).
In the XVIIIth-XIXth centuries European armies the sabres had medium curvature blades (45-65 mm). Hilts in the XVIIIth century were plain with a cross-guard, cross-bar and knuckle bow, whereas in the XIXth century they featured cumbersome guards of several bows, as a rule. Scabbards were normally metal since the beginning of the XIXth century. (Fig. 28)
The sabre has been known in Russia since the IXth century and since the XIVth century it emerges as the predominant edged weapon. In the XVth - XVIIth centuries the Russian (estate) Landed gentry cavalry, streltsy, Cossacks were armed with most varied kinds of sabres.
In the 1700-1711 period sabres were dragoons' regulation weapon along with broadswords and swords. Then they were regulation only in the irregular units and formations - the Don and minor Russian Cossacks as well as in certain hussar formations that were in existence all through the X-VIIIth century. In the last quarter of the XVIIIth century the dragoons carried broadsword type - hilted sabres, featuring only slightly curved blades. The Russian hussar (or light cavalry) XVIIIth and early XIXth century sabre was distinguished by a broad, medium-curved blade with "yelman" (i.e. widened out in the lowest third of the blade, (tapering to a point), a plain hilt with a knuckle bow, sweeping up perpendicularly into a cross--guard with a double langet.
All through the XIXth century a succession of cavalry and infantry sabres patterns were approved as regulation for the Russian army, each only slightly different from the next.
For instance, all the infantry officers' sabres laid down as regulation weapons since 1026 were in effect one or the others of the officers' edged weapons patterns with new scabbards approved as regulation.
Since 1909 the Department of the military warrant (order) No. 409 authorized Cossacks of all the Cossack units and formations to do service with "grandfathers' weapons" - i.e. the edged weapons inherited from the predecessors. That decision also affected the armaments of the Guard's Cossack regiments, wherein devised and adopted for carrying outside formations were specific officer sabres patterns, organic to them, called "clytch"es (Sham shir's or Mameluke's). Four patterns like that are known: the Life Guard's Cossack regiment clytch (Sham shir), the Life Guard's Ataman regiment clytch (sham shir), the Life Guard's South Don Cossack battery of the Guard's mounted artillery "clytch" (sham shir) and the Urals hundred of the Life Guard's Composite Cossack regiment clytch (sham shir). These clytches (sham shirs) replicated - in shape and scabbard ornamentation style - the light cavalry and Cossack sabres of the late XVIIIth - early XIXth centuries.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, bearing one wide fuller or else one wide and one narrow fuller. The officers' sabres blades might come ornate or patterned.
The hilt comprises a grip and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, cut with transverse grooves and bound in the grooves with twisted wire (in officers' sabres the wire could be silver. The grip's back is covered by a metal back- piece extending to the pommel, into which it is rounded. The guard is made up by a cross-guard with a double langet and the knuckle bow. The double langet is diamond-shaped (Fig. 3lA) or shaped into a straight faceted metal piece (Fig. 31B). The cross-guard quillon's tip above the grip is rounded and slightly curled down (Fig.31A) or shaped into a ball (Fig. 31B).
The (knuckle) bow leaves the cross-guard at a straight angle to reach the pommel. The metal parts of the officers' sabres hilts could be gilt brass.
The scabbards came in two kinds: a) wood, covered in leather, featuring a metal slit mount, covering nearly the entire scabbard surface and comprising a locket and a chape, fitted with two rings to take the belt suspension straps (Fig. 30A). The officers' sabres metal mount could be gilt brass; b) steel, fitted with two loose-ringed bands to take the belt suspension straps and a shoe. (Fig. 30B).
Overall length is about 1,000 mm, the blade length - about 070 mm, blade width - downwards of 41 mm, the blade curvature averaging 65/370 mm, mass - around l.8OO gr (enclosed in the wood scabbard); around 2,100 gr (in the steel scabbard).
The sabre was regulation weapon for hussars. Life Guard's Cossacks and dragoons of the Caucasian inspection till 1809, of lancers (Uhlans) - till 1812.
The blade is steel, slightly curved, single-edged, featuring one wide fuller. The hilt comprises a grip with pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, crossed by transverse grooves, bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The guard is a four-facet cross-guard piece transformed at a right angle into a knuckle bow, joined at its upper end with a pommel.
Upon the cross-guard's middle outside part an oval langet rides, embossed with an "A1" cypher beneath a crown.
The scabbard is leather, no metal mount. The scabbard's upper part features a metal hook for suspension in the belt's frog.
Overall length is about 920 mm, the blade's length is about 790 mm, the blade's width - about 30 mm, mass - circa 1200 gr.
The sword was carried as regulation weapon by the officers of the imperial militia battalion since 1806 (the battalion's formation) through 1811 (renamed the Life Guard's Finland regiment) was later replaced by the infantry sword.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, featuring one wide fuller.
The hilt comprises a grip and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves, bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The grip's back is covered by a metal back piece, extending to the pommel. The guard is made up by a cross-guard piece and three bars - the knuckle bow and two side bars, branching off the knuckle bow and arching till they go right into the cross-guard. The knuckle bow leaves the cross-guard at a right angle. The quillon's tip is rolled and slightly curled downwards.
The scabbard is steel, fitted with two (loose) rings to take the belt suspension's straps. The rings were either fixed to the scabbard proper (Fig.34) or to the scabbard bands. Not uncommon were also scabbards featuring slit metal mounts, similar to the light cavalry pattern 1798 sabre's scabbard.
The overall length was about 1,030 mm the blade's length was about 880 mm, the blade's width downwards of 30 mm, the blade's curvature averaging 70/365 mm, the mass - about 1900 gr
It was adopted to replace the light cavalry pattern 1798 sabre for hussars. Life (Guard's) Cossacks and dragoons of the Caucasian inspection in 1809, lancers (uhlans) in 1812 and in 1814 it supplanted the mounted artillery's broadswords.
In 1817 all but the hussars and the lancers (uhlans) were stripped of this weapon in favour of the cavalry pattern 1817 sabre, and in 1819 a similar replacement was effected in the hussar and lancer (uhlan) regiments.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, featuring one wide fuller. The (spear) point end is double-edged.
The hilt comprises a grip ending in a pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves, bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back piece. The grip's pommel is shaped into a ball. The guard is made up by a knuckle bow, two side bars, branching off it and a cross-guard piece (cartouche ), reinforced by the arched-out side bows, going into it.
On either side the cross-guard is surmounted by flat sexagonal ecus sons. The cross-guard quillon's tip is slightly curved down and curled.
The scabbard is wood, bound in leather. The gilt metal mount is two-piece - a locket fitted with a frog button for suspension in the baldric's frog and a chape ending in a shoe.
Overall length is about 970 mm, the blade's length is about 830 mm, the blade's width is downwards of 31 mm, the blade curvature averages 60/350 mm, the mass is below 1,300 gr.
The sabre was carried as regulation weapon by the Navy officers and the Guard's equipage officers in 1811-1855.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged with "yelman" (widening out towards the tip). The right side of the blade normally bore one wide fuller, gradually forking into two narrow ones, while the left side featured one wide fuller.
Officers' blades were ornate, as a rule. The hilt comprises a grip, ending in a pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves, wherein it is bound with twisted wire. The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back piece evolving into a bulging pommel. The guard is formed by a cross-guard piece and three bows - a knuckle bow and two side bars, branching off the knuckle bow and arching till they form the cross-guard. The knuckle bow smoothly bends into the cross-guard with the quillon tip rounded and slightly curled down.
All the hilt's metal parts are steel, the officers' sabres' possibly gilt brass since the end of 1870's.
The scabbard was steel, fitted with two bands, loose- ringed to take the baldric's frog straps and a shoe.
Overall length was about 1,010 mm, the blade's length - about 870 mm, the blade's width - 28 mm (25 mm - the "yelman"'s i.e. the widened part's width nearest the spear point), the blade's curvature averaged 73/425 mm, the mass - below 1,500 gr
In 18l7 and 1819 the sword replaced the light cavalry pattern 1809 sabres and broadswords (carried by dragoons). On 1817-1822 it was also adopted as regulation in the Furstadt (train) and mounted pioneer units formed in those years. In 1827 it came in for a replacement wherever it had
been laid down as regulation - by a cavalry Pattern 1827 sabre.
The blade is steel, slightly curved, single-edged, bearing one wide fuller and a shortish narrow fullerlet (little fuller, close to the blade back in the blade's middle part).
The hilt comprises a grip with pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in black patent leather), featuring transverse grooves, wherein it is bound with twisted wire.
The guard is formed by a narrow shell and a knuckle bow, sending a branch off it, bending down parallel to the knuckle bow to widen into the shell. At the blade's back side the shell narrows down into the cross-guard with its quillon tip slightly curved down and decorated with a floral pattern. The bow and the upper ferrule of the grip, evolving into a pommel are also patterned florally. All the hilt's metal parts are gilt.
The scabbard is leather, black, lacquered (patent leather) encased in a metal gilt mount, featuring a locket fitted with a frog button to secure it in the baldric's frog and a chape.
Overall length is about 930 mm, the blade's length is about 790 mm, the blade's width - downwards of 33 mm, the blade's curvature averages 42/340 mm, the mass is below 1,350 grin 1026 the sabre was adopted as regulation to be carried by the guard's infantry officers and (those of) the guard's foot artillery.
In 1830-1831 the infantry sabre was allowed to carry only on the marche in formation: to the Guard's General headquarters officers, those of the general HQ, engineers, officers on duty and adjutants.
In 1833 it came in to replace garrison artillery's generals and officers' swords, in 1835 those in the military topography depot. In 1049 it was made regulation to all the infantry and foot artillery generals on dress occasions; the equipage major generals with their equipage dress; general headquarters, en- gineer troops and military department generals - with respec- tive active service dress of those departments; all the in- fantry, foot artillery, general headquarters, military department, engineer troops officers and topographers. The sword was kept intact to the general-adjutants along with all the foot troops generals with the active service general's dress.
In 1855 it was replaced for nearly all of the above generals and officers categories with the infantry pattern 1855 sabre. It was, however, kept intact for active service (front line) officers in the infantry, garrison artillery, garrison engineers (for whom it was not laid down to be mounted while in formation), generals and officers of the military ministry, arsenals works and depots of the artillery and engineer departments, police chiefs, town chiefs, generals, officers on the pay-roll of the army, foot artillery and pioneer battalions.
In Idyl that sabre was allowed to carry off duty with town dress to all the generals and officers, whom the infantry pattern 1865 sabres had earlier been made regulation. In 1871 the sabre was kept intact only for the palace
grenadier company, where it had been regulation weapon throughout the entire period of the company's existence.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, bearing one wide fuller. The combat tip was double-edged. The hilt comprises a pommeled grip and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves. Either side of the grip features an oval bulging metal rivet. The grip's back is surmounted by a metal backpiece. The grip's pommel is oval, bulging. The guard is formed by a cross-guard piece with a double langet and three bows - the knuckle one and two side ones, branching off the knuckle bow and - arching out - sweeping into the cross-guard. The double langet shaped as oblong ecussions on cross-guard's either side was useful for holding the weapon firmly in the scabbard as well as for capturing the opponent's blade in combat action. The quillon's tip is slightly curled down and rounded.
The scabbard is steel, featuring a locket and a band with two (loose-) ring fitments to take the belt suspension straps and a shoe. The scabbard's mouth-piece features small dents to take the cartouche's ecussions.
Overall length is about 1,020 mm, the blade's length is around 880 mm, the blade's width is below 36 mm, the blade's curvature averages 67/390 mm, the mass is downwards of 1,000 gr.
The sabre came in to replace the gendarmes' mirassier pattern 1810 broadsword, and in 1827 the dragoons', hussars', lancers' (Uhlans'), mounted chasseurs', Furstadt's (trains'), mounted artillery's, mounted pioneers' cavalry pattern 1817 sabre.
In 1834 it was replaced in the Nizhegorodsky dragoon regiment with the Asiatic pattern 1834 shashka (shasqua).
In 1841 it was replaced with the dragoon pattern 1841 sabre in all the dragoon regiments with the exception of the Nizhegorodsky and for the mounted pioneers. A similar replacement was effected in 1846 for the lesser ranks of mounted artillery.
In 1881 it was replaced wherever it had been regulation weapon with a dragoon Pattern 1881 shashka (shasqua) and only kept intact in two Guard's hussar regiments to be carried in peace time with full dress.
In 1096 it was reinstated at two Guard's lancers' (Uhlans') regiments to be carried in peace time with full dress.
Thus, all along till the end of the period considered this sabre was an essential part of the lower ranks' service
dress in four Guard's light cavalry regiments.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, bearing one wide fuller. The combat end is double edged. Arbitrarily fashioned blades were also common, those of foreign manufacture not uncommon either.
The hilt comprises a grip with a pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves, bound therein with twisted wire. The grip's back is surmounted with a metal back-piece. The grip's pommel is oval-shaped and bulging. The guard is formed by a cross-guard piece and three bows - the knuckle bow and two side bars, branching off the knuckle bow and, arching out, swept with the cross-guard. The cross-guard's quillon tip is slightly curved down and rounded.
Since 1909 the upper part of the metal back-piece, surmounting the grip's back, was embossed with a floral pattern and a cypher of the emperor, during whose reign the weapon- -bearer got his first commissioned rank.
The scabbard is steel, featuring a locket and a band with (loose-) ring fitments to take the suspension belt's straps and a shoe.
Overall length is about 990 mm, the blade's length is near 860 mm, the blade's width is below 32 mm, the blade's curvature averaging 70/38O mm, the mass - downwards of 1,600 gr.
The sabre came in to replace the gendarmes' officers' cuirassier Pattern 1810 broadsword in 1826 and in 1827 - the dragoons', hussars ' .mounted chasseurs', Furstadt' (train')'s, mounted artillery's, mounted pioneers' cavalry Pattern 1817 sabre. In 1834 it was replaced in the Nizhegorodsky dragoon regiment with the officers' Asiatic Pattern 1834 shashka (shasqua). In 1841 in all the dragoon regiments except the Nizhegorodsky, in mounted artillery and mounted pioneer units it was replaced with the officers dragoon pattern 1841 sabre.
In 1881 for the hussar and lancer (Uhlan) regiments officers (the regiments were reformed in 1882 as dragoon ones) it was replaced with the dragoon officers' Pattern 1881 shashka (shasqua) and was only retained in two of the Guard's hussar regiments to be carried in peace time with full dress.
In 1909 the sabre was also allowed to carry to the officers of the Guard's mounted and field mounted artillery, the army lancers (Uhlans), hussar (dragoons were renamed as again in 1907) and dragoon (cuirassier not renamed into) regiments along with the Guard's Mounted Grenadier and Dragoon regiments - outside formation and off duty.
Thus, all through the period considered - till its end - the sabre was essentially part of a certain dress of certain cavalry regiments' officers, as well as the gendarme corps and cavalry military schools.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged, bearing one wide fuller. The combat end is double-edged. The hilt comprises a pommeled grip and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves, bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The grip's upper end features a figured metal ferrule, surmounted with and oval bulging pommel. The guard is formed by a knuckle bow, coming off the grip's upper part and smoothly sweeping into the cross-guard, its quillon tip slightly curved down and rounded.
The scabbard is wood, covered in leather. The metal mount comprises a mouth-piece, three bands and a chape. The upper and lower bands feature (loose-) ring fitments to take the belt's suspension straps. The middle and lower bands feature triangular (rectangular in the 1870-ies) socket fitments to accommodate the bayonet scabbard.
The overall length is below 1,040 mm, the blade length is about 880 mm, the blade width - about 35 mm, the blade's curvature averaging 65/390 mm, the mash-downwards of l.550 gr.
In 1841 it came to replace the cavalry troopers Pattern 1827 sabre in dragoon regiments and the mounted pioneer units. In 1046 a similar replacement was effected for the mounted artillery's lesser ranks.
In 1857 it replaced the ordnance carry-away (headmen) fire workers', chief buglers' and sergeant majors hangers in mounted artillery - while these ranks' sabre scabbards had no fitments for bayonet attachment.
In 1860 it replaced the cuirassier broadswords in dragoon regiments the cuirassier ones were renamed into.
In 1868 this sabre's foreshortened version, called "the artillery soldiers' Pattern 1868 shashka (shasqua)" replaced the foot artillery lesser ranks' hangers. In 1881 the sabre was replaced with the dragoon troopers Pattern 1881 shashka (shasqua) for all it had been regulation weapon before and thus it was eventually phased out.
It was distinct from the soldiers' sabre in the following details: a) arbitrary blades were common; b) the ferrule on the grip, the knuckle bow's middle part and the quillon's tip were decorated with a floral pattern; c) the metal mount of the scabbard featured a mouth-piece, two bands with loose-ring fitments to take the belt suspension straps and a chape; d) all the hilt's and scabbard's metal parts were gilt.
Overall length was about 940 mm, the blade's length was about 810 mm, the blade's width was below 31 mm, the blade's curvature averaging 65/380 mm, overall mass downwards of 1,300 gr.
In 1841 it replaced the cavalry officers' Pattern 1827 sabre in dragoon regiments and mounted pioneer units.
In 1846 a similar replacement was effected in mounted artillery. In 1860 it replaced the cuirassier officers broadswords in dragoon regiments, the cuirassier ones had been renamed into. In the 1863-1865 period it was regulation weapon of the infantry and foot artillery officers and was carried with infantry sword-knot. In 1881 all it had been regulation weapon for before had it replaced with the dragoon Pattern 1881 shashka (shasqua) and thus eventually ordained from regulation weapons ("phased out").
This one happens to be the infantry officers' Pattern 1826 cavalry pattern 1827 one. The mass is downwards of 1,400 grit was conferred to the generals and officers of the entire infantry and foot artillery along with those accounted for in these arms (the separate Caucasian corps making a notable exception). In 1863 they had it replaced with the dragoon officers Pattern 1841 sabre with infantry sword-knot.
The blade is steel, straight, single-edged, fullerless. The blade's back widens out into a pipe back transformed into a rib in the blade's third part close to the tip, extending to the spear-point. In the third part nearest the tip the blade is double-edged and slightly widened out.
The hilt comprises a pommeled grip and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, traversed with cross-wise grooves, bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back-piece. The grip's pommel is ball-shaped. The guard comprises a knuckle bow, two side bars, branching off it and the cross-guard, accepting the arched-out side bows, attached to it. The cross-guard piece is surmounted on either side with sexagonal flat ecussions. The quillon tip is slightly curled down and rounded. Since 1914 the metal back-piece, riding on top of the grip was embossed in its upper part with a floral pattern and the cypher of the Emperor, whose reign made the weapon owner's first commissioned rank possible. The scabbard is wood, covered in leather. The metal mount features a mouth-piece, a broad band and a chape, ending in a shoe. The locket and the band are fitted with loose rings to take the belt suspension's straps. All the hilt's metal parts are gilt - as are scabbard's too.
Overall length is about 950 mm, the blade's length - about 800 mm, the blade's width - about 30 mm, the mass - downwards of 1,300 gr. In 1855 this pattern came in to replace the navy officers' Navy officers' Pattern 1811 sabre. In 1858 a sabre with the same hilt, but featuring a seaman's (boarding) pattern 1856 cutlass blade was made regulation to the boatswains and Navy sergeant majors.
In 1906 the officers' sabre was given all the conductors and first and second court of request Marine department personnel, serving extra time, to carry as regulation.
In 1914 the Navy officers' sabre replaced the aviation and air navigation units officers' dragoon shashka's (shasqua's) .
This one happened to be the dragoon officers' Pattern 1841 sabre, albeit enclosed in the iron scabbard, similar to the cavalry pattern 1827 sabre one. The mass was downwards of 1,500 gr. In 1865 the sabre was made all the generals' and officers' regulation weapon, who used to carry the dragoon officers Pattern 1841 sabre with an infantry sword-knot earlier on. In 1881 it came in for a replacement with the dragoon officers' Pattern 1881 shashka (shasqua) and was thus eventually removed ("phased out") from equipage.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged. In their curvature, fuller character and ornaments the blades were arbitrary.
The hilt comprises a grip with a pommel and a cross-guard with a cross-bar construction.
The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back-piece, embossed with a floral pattern. The grip's pommel is metal, rounded, decorated with a floral pattern, curved towards the blade's edge. The cross-bar (cartouche) is also patterned with an ornament. The cross-bar (quillon) tips are figured. The grip's pommel is embossed with a chased cypher of the emperor, whose reign made the weapon-owner's first commissioned rank possible. Certain particular sabres bore this kind of a cypher upon the cartouche anchor.
The scabbard is wood, covered in burgundy (coloured) leather or velvet. The metal slit mount could come in three variations: a) featuring a mouth-piece and a chape with a shoe. The locket was pierced out with one long slit and three round holes, the chape featuring one long slit and four round holes pierced out; b) solid (one-piece) with two long slits and seven round holes pierced out, fitted with two loose-rings to take the belt suspensions straps and a shoe; c) solid (one-piece), pierced out with two long slits, the suspension fitment featured two bands: the locket fitted with an inside rectangular bracket and the lower one bearing a loose ring to take the belt suspension's straps. Overall length is about 960 mm, the blade's length - about 820 mm, the blade's width and curvature were arbitrary, the mass - downwards of 2,000 gr.
The "clytch" (shamshir) was carried outside formation only by the Life Guard's Cossack regiment officers, probably, since 1909 till the end of the period considered.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged. In their curvature, fuller character and decorative patterns the blades were arbitrary.
The hilt comprises a grip with a pommel, a cross-guard piece with a double langet and a chain with a ball. The grip is horn. The grip's pommel is metal, oblong, curved towards the blade's edge. The pommel and the grip's middle part are embossed with rosette patterns. The knuckle bow has been replaced with a chain with ball of decorative nature. The double langets outside featured an embossed cypher of the Emperor, whose reign had made the weapon-owner's first commissioner rank possible. The cross-guard's quillon tips are figured. All the hilt's metal parts are gilt.
The scabbard is wood, covered in burgundy-coloured velvet. The metal slit mount covers most of the scabbard's surface. The scabbard's upper third part features a fancy (figured) triangular ecusson and two bands (replicating the rosettes on the grip in their shape) with (loose-) ring fitments to take the belt suspension's straps. The ecusson and scabbard bands are gilt.
The "clytch" (shamshir) was only carried outside formation by the Life Guard's Composite Cossack regiment officers, probably, after 1909 till the end of the period considered.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged. Curvature- and decoration-wise and in fuller character the blades were arbitrary.
The hilt comprises a grip with pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves and bound in the grooves with twisted wire (Fig. 59 A), or horn (Fig. 59 B). The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back- -piece sweeping into a pommel; shaped as a bird's head. The guard is formed by a cross-guard piece with a double langet and a knuckle bow, leaving it a right angle, its upper end joining the pommel. The double langet is shaped into a straight faceted bar.
All the hilt's metal parts are gilt.
The scabbard is wood, covered in dark-green velvet. The metal slit mount is known to come in two variations: a) solid with two long figured slits, featuring two bands with (loose-) ring fitments to take the belt suspension's straps and a shoe; b) featuring a locket and a chape. The locket is pierced out with two round holes, the chape - with one long slit. The locket and the chape are clasped with one figured band each bearing a (loose-) ring fitment to take the belt suspension's straps. The chape ends in a shoe. The bands are gilt. Overall length is about 1,000 mm, the blade's length is
about 800 mm, the width and curvature of the blade are arbitrary, the mass - about 1,700 gr. The "clytch" (shamshir) was only carried outside formation by the Life Guard's Ataman regiment officers, probably, after 1909 till the end of the period considered.
The blade is steel, curved, single-edged. In their fuller character, curvature and decoration-wise the blades were arbitrary.
The hilt comprises a grip with pommel and a guard. The grip is wood, covered in leather, featuring transverse grooves and bound in the grooves with twisted wire. The grip's back is surmounted by a metal back-piece, sweeping into a pommel, embossed with a figured rosette. The guard is formed by a cross- -guard piece with a double langet and a knuckle bow, branching off it, its upper end swept into the pommel. The cross-bar is a straight faceted bar. All the hilt's metal parts are gilt.
The scabbard is wood, covered in black leather. The metal slit mount comprises a locket and a chape with shoes, covering nearly the entire scabbard's surface. The locket is pierced out with one long slit and three round holes, the chape features two long slits and five round holes. The locket and the chape have one (loose-) ring fitment each to take the belt suspensions straps.
Overall length is about 1,000 mm, the blade's length is about 000 mm, the blade's width and curvature were arbitrary, the mass - about 1,700 gr.
The "clytch" (shamshir) was only carried outside formation by the 6th Lift-Guard's Don Cossack battery officers, probably, after 1909 till the end of the period considered.
It happened to be a dragoon officers' Pattern 1881/1909 shashka (shasqua), albeit enclosed in the iron scabbard similar to the cavalry Pattern 1827 sabre. The mass was downwards of 1,450 gr. It was made regulation weapon to be carried outside formation by infantry generals and officers on marching dress occasions, same as those of artillery (except the mounted, mounted- -mountain and Cossack), engineer and railway troops, auxiliary units, headquarters (except the Guard's, cavalry and Cossacks, departments (except the guard's cavalry, mounted artillery and Cossack), establishments and offices of the military department (except the military schools and Cossack ones). It was there till the end of the period considered.
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